Forensic Analysis of Illicit Drugs and Novel Psychoactive Substances in Wastewater: A review of Toxicological, Chemical and Microbiological Aspects

Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a new analytical strategy for monitoring licit and illicit drug use in population by measuring the levels of biomarkers wastewater. The main concept this approach is that chemical substances ingested will be excreted urine feces, which discarded into sewage network may accumulate at wastewater treatment plant. Several such ethanol, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine morphine have been investigated reported worldwide. In recent years, also explored environmental novel psychoactive (NPS) well, since analyses represent fast cost-effective way to evaluate collectively intake given served network. paper, comprehensive interdisciplinary review forensic, toxicological, microbiological aspects analysis “traditional” drugs abuse NPS examples applications recently published papers provided. Wastewater very promising context Forensic Chemistry Toxicology, implemented many researchers abuse, supported literature reports.